7.2
Terminology 儒道-核心术语中英对照
The core vocabulary of RuDao 儒道核心词汇 - the shared language of the Confucian merchant and the Confucian strategist.
| Chinese 中文 | PinYin 拼音 | English Translation | Brief Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 儒商 | RuShang | Confucian Merchant | Merchant leader rooted in Confucian virtue; substance Confucianism, function commerce |
| 儒将 | RúJiāng | Confucian Strategist Leader | Leader who competes and cooperates with moral boundaries; outer king practitioner |
| 商者信道 | ShangZhě XìnDào | Merchants Abide by Trust | Core RuDao thesis: trust is the foundation of commerce |
| 义利合一 | YìLì HéYī | Unity of Righteousness and Profit | Righteousness generates legitimate, sustainable profit |
| 和而不同 | HéÉr BùTóng | Harmony in Difference | Coexist and cooperate while preserving legitimate differences |
| 五常 | WǔCháng | Five Constants | Ren 仁, Yi 义, Li 礼, Zhi 智, Xin 信 |
| 八德 | BāDé | Eight Virtues | Ren 仁, Yi 义, Li 礼, Zhi 智, Xin 信, Zhong 忠, Xiao 孝, Shu 恕 |
| 内圣外王 | NèiShèng WàiWáng | Inner Sage, Outer King | Cultivate inner virtue; act competently in the external world |
| 道 | Dào | The Dao / Tao | Natural underlying principle; balance, flow, cycle awareness (DaoDeJing) |
| 上善若水 | ShàngShàn RuòShuǐ | Highest Good Is Like Water | Water strategy 水德 ShuǐDé: strategic agility, flow around obstacles |
| 无为 | WúWéi | Wu Wei | Effortless aligned action: good system design, not inaction |
| 江海下之 | JiāngHǎi XiàZhī | The Sea Lies Below Hundred Streams | Humble servant leadership; deflect credit to others |
| 知足不辱 | ZhīZú BùRǔ | Know Satisfaction / Know When to Stop | Risk restraint; avoid unlimited expansion |
| 反者道之动 | FǎnZhě DàoZhīDòng | Return Is the Movement of the Tao | Markets and trends inevitably reverse; prepare for correction |
The three classics - full Chinese text 典籍原文
The terms above come from three pre-Qin works. RuDao.org hosts the complete original Chinese text of each one, in simplified and original characters, so you can check a phrase in its own context.
Key Persons and Events: Timeline - 关键人物与事件:年表
| Person / Event | Dates | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| Homer | c. 8th century BCE | Earliest recorded use of ethos (custom, habit) |
| Pythagoras | c. 570 - c. 495 BCE | First to use philosophos - "lover of wisdom" |
| Confucius | 551 - 479 BCE | Called zheren (哲人); foundational figure of Ru |
| LaoZi | c. 6th - 4th century BCE | Ontological discourse raising dao to a philosophical category |
| ZhuangZi | c. 369 - 286 BCE | Developed Daoist metaphysics and epistemology |
| Aristotle | 384 - 322 BCE | Systematized philosophy; wrote Nicomachean Ethics; defined ethics as habituation |
| Zhou dynasty | c. 1046 - 256 BCE | Earliest appearance of 哲 in bronze inscriptions |
| Book of Rites | compiled c. 1st century BCE | Uses "通伦理者也" - penetrates the ethical order |
| Shuowen Jiezi | 100 CE | Defines dao as "the way that is walked" |
| Zhu Xi | 1130 - 1200 | "德者,得也" - Virtue is obtaining the Dao in one's heart |
| Adam Smith | 1723 - 1790 | Wealth of Nations (1776) and Theory of Moral Sentiments; the invisible hand - self-interest disciplined by sympathy and moral sentiment can serve the common good |
| Hegel | 1770 - 1831 | Argued China had "opinions," not philosophy proper |
| Nishi Amane | 1829 - 1897 | Coined 哲学 (zhexue) to translate "philosophy" |
| Huang Zunxian | 1848 - 1905 | Introduced 哲学 to Chinese academia |
关键人物与事件:年表
| 人物 / 事件 | 年代 | 贡献 |
|---|---|---|
| 荷马 | 约公元前8世纪 | 最早使用 ethos(习俗,习惯)的记载 |
| 毕达哥拉斯 | 约公元前570-前495年 | 最早使用 philosophos-"爱智慧者" |
| 孔子 | 公元前551-前479年 | 被称为"哲人";儒家奠基者 |
| 老子 | 约公元前6-前4世纪 | 本体论论述,将"道"提升为哲学范畴 |
| 庄子 | 约公元前369-前286年 | 发展道家形而上学与认识论 |
| 亚里士多德 | 公元前384-前322年 | 系统化哲学;著"尼各马可伦理学";将伦理定义为习惯化 |
| 周代 | 约公元前1046-前256年 | "哲"字最早见于钟鼎铭文 |
| "礼记" | 约编成于公元前1世纪 | "通伦理者也"-穿透伦理秩序 |
| "说文解字" | 公元100年 | 释"道"为"所行道也" |
| 朱熹 | 1130-1200 | "德者,得也"-得道于心而不失 |
| 黑格尔 | 1770-1831 | 主张中国只有"意见",尚无"哲学知识" |
| 西周 | 1829-1897 | 创译"哲学"以对应 "philosophy" |
| 黄遵宪 | 1848-1905 | 将"哲学"引入中国学界 |